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| Market in Mogadishu around 1882 |
On the other side of East Africa in the 14th century the Ajuuran dynasty formed a centralized state in the lower Shabeelle valley, ruling over a territory that stretched as far inland as modern Qalafo and towards the coast almost to Mogadishu. Said S. Samatar, writing with David Laitin, notes that the Ajuuran sultanate “represents one of the rare occasions in Somali history when a pastoral state achieved large-scale centralization”, and notes that it grew larger and more powerful than coastal city-states of Mogadishu, Merka and Baraawe combined.
Hobyo the ancient port of Somalia was the commercial centre of the Ajuuraan Sultanate, all the commercial goods grown or harvested along the Shabelle river were brought to Hobyo to trade, as Hobyo remained the active mercantile pitstop of ancient times. The Ajuuraan rulers collected their tribute from the town in the form of sorghum (durra), making the port of Hobyo incredibly profitable for the Ajuuraan sultans.
trade between Hobyo and the Banaadir coast flourished for some time. So vital was Hobyo to the prosperity of the Ajuuraan Sultanate that when a local sheikhs successfully revolted against the Ajuuraan Sultan and established an independent Imamate of the Hiraab, the power of the Ajuuraan sultans crumbled within a century.
Due to Portuguese predations, internal discord, and encroaching nomads from the north, the Ajuuran sultanate disintegrated at the end of the 17th century. According to Said Samatar, almost a full century passed before a successor state emerged: the Geledi Sultanate, which was based in the town of Afgooye and ruled over the lower Shabeelle region. Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Oman of south Arabia ousted the Portuguese from the Benaadir coast, and ruled the Benaadir coast with what Samatar describes as a “light hand” until the European Scramble for Africa in the 1880s. “As long as the Somali cities paid their yearly tribute (which was by no means extortionate), flew the Omani flag, and accepted Omani overlordship, the Omanis allowed the Somalis to run their internal affairs. The role of the Omani governors in Mogadishu, Merca, and Baraawe was largely a ceremonial one. However, when Omani authority was challenged, the Omanis could be severe.”
In the 17th century, Somalia fell under the sway of the rapidly expanding Ottoman Empire, who exercised control through hand picked local Somali governors. In 1728 the Ottomans evicted the last Portuguese occupation and claimed sovereignty over the whole Horn of Africa. However, their actual exercise of control was fairly modest, as they demanded only a token annual tribute and appointed an Ottoman judge to act as a kind of Supreme Court for interpretations of Islamic law. By the 1850s Ottoman power was in decline.
Farther east on the Bari coast, two kingdoms emerged that would play a significant political role on the Somali Peninsula prior to colonization. These were the Majeerteen Sultanate of Boqor(king) Osman Mahamuud, and that of his kinsman Sultan Yuusuf Ali Keenadiid of Hobyo (Obbia). The Majeerteen Sultanate originated in the mid eighteenth century, but only came into its own in the nineteenth century with the reign of the resourceful Boqor Osman. Boqor Osman Mahamuud’s kingdom benefited from British subsidies (for protecting the British naval crews that were shipwrecked periodically on the Somali coast) and from a liberal trade policy that facilitated a flourishing commerce in livestock, ostrich feathers, and gum arabic. While acknowledging a vague vassalage to the British, the Sultan kept his kingdom free until well after the 1900s.
Boqor Ismaan Mahamuud’s sultanate was nearly destroyed in the middle of the nineteenth century by a power struggle between him and his young, ambitious cousin, Keenadiid. Nearly five years of destructive civil war passed before Boqor Ismaan Mahamuud managed to stave off the challenge of the young upstart, who was finally driven into exile in Arabia. A decade later, in the 1870s, Keenadiid returned from Arabia with a score of Hadhrami musketeers and a band of devoted lieutenants. With their help, he carved out the small kingdom of Hobyo after conquering the local clans.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Iam not sure if you have covered enought historical evedence about the Ajuuran historical.
Currently we are doing alot of research in these area very soon we will wrote about Aj books.
we are interested with samatar view at the moment.
Ali Hussain
master in socology
Comment by Ali hussain — September 16, 2008 #
MARKA HERE WAXAAN RABAA INAAN OGAADO QABIILADA AMA DADKA KU LUG LAHAA INEY BOQORTOOYADA AJUURAAN KA BAXDO SOOMAALIYA MEELAHA AY KA HAAYSATEY OO DHAN MARKA XIGTA WAXAAN RABAA INAAN OGAADO AJUURAAN IYO HABIYE MEESHA AY ISKA GALAAN? WAA CODSI NINKII YAQAAN WAXAAN KA RABAA INUU SI FIICAN IIGU SOO SHARXO MAHADSANIDIIN .
WAXAA KALOO JIRTA INEY AJUURAAN AHAAYEEN DAKA U FASAXAY INEY SOOMAALIYA SOO GALAAN WIXII CARAB SHEEGTA OO DHAN SIDA SACIID BARQASH OO KALE OONA IYO WIXII KUSOO HAREY SOOMAALIYA OONA HADA SOOMAALI AH SIDA SHAANSHIYADA OOKALE IYO WIXII LA MID
AH
Comment by DAADIR AJUURAN — June 13, 2009 #
AJUURAAN WAA BOQORTOOYADA HOR OO SOMALIAYAD
Comment by QALANJO-AJRUUAN — September 15, 2009 #
WAXAA KALOO JIRTA XAASIDNIMO MEEL AY GAAREN XOOLAHOODA MEELAHA AY DAAQAAN HADII AAD KEENTO XOOLAHAAGA MAALINTA HORE INEY KUSOO DHOWEEYAAN AYEY MAALINTII KALE AY GUBI JREEN SI AADAN U DHHIN WAA II DIIDEEN AYAGAN WEY KA QADI JIREEN ADIGANA WAA AY KU QADSIIN JIREEN WAA INTA KELIYA OO LAGA HAAYO XUMAAN XAASIDNIMADA. HADEY KU ARKAAN DADKII HORE INAAD TAHAY NN XAASID AH WXAY KU DHAHAYAAN XAASIDSANIDAA AJUURAAN MIYAA FARAC KUU GALA LAAKIIN AYAGA OO DHAN SAAS MA AHAN LAAKIIN WAA U BADNAAYEEN WAAGAAS WAXAA JIRTA NIN AAN XUMAAN LAHEYN MA JIRO KOLEEEY WAXAY ILA TAHAY INEY XUMAAN KALE AY JIRIN FADLAN NINKII WAX KA HAAYO HA KU SOO DARO WAXAAKALOO JIRTA INEY SOOMAALIYA TAHAY DHUL AJUURAAN NINKII DOOD KA QABA HA NALA SOO XIRIIRO WAXAAN NAHAY SHAN QOF OO AJUURAAN AH OO LAMAGAC BAXAY(AJUURAAN BOYS)
Comment by DAADIR AJUURAN — June 13, 2009 #
AJUUUUUUUURAAAAAAAN BOYS.KALA SOO XIRIIR SHEYLILAH505@HOTMAIL.COM
Comment by DAADIR AJUURAN — June 13, 2009 #
Daadir asc wr wb,,, Ajuuraan Boqortooyo jirtay oo horumar aad u sareeya dhanka ganacsiga iyo qalab soo saarka ku fiicnayd bay ahayd waxaysi toos ah u lahayd kala danbayn iyo darajooyin sida amiir oo loo yaqaayan taliyaha ciidanka, Iimaam oo loo yaqaanay Boqorka talada ugu saraysa leh,, xiriir fiican bay la lahaayeen china, Arabs, India ama mughal empire, dagaalo ay la galeen burtuqiiska ayaa jiray ayna ku jabiyeen Marka kadibna Burtuqiisku mudo ayuu ka baqsanaa inuu muqdisho soo aad laakiin awoodii uu ajuuraan lahaa ayuu kala dhimay waayo wuxuu qabsaday Mambasa oo ganacsi fiican la lahayd Ajuuraanka kadib waxaa ajuuraanku xulufaystay Boqortooyadii Islamka ee Osmania wayna weerareen oo Mambasa way ka qabsadeen Burtuqiiska inkastoo Aakhirkii dib loogala noqday,,
Taariikhda ajuuraanku ma aha mid halkaan lagu soo koobi karo,,, Balse suaashaadii ahayd Ajuuraan iyo Hawiye maxaa iska galay ayaan u dhaadhacayaa, Hawiye iyo Ajuuraan waxba iskama galin balse waxaa jiray Xulufaysi fiican oo ka dhexeeyey Hintire Hawiye oo ahaa mid ka mida lixdii wiil ee hawiye dhalay.
Comment by Eng: M. Bashi (Talaabo Cade) — August 19, 2009 #
aad ayaan ujeclahaay ajuraanka waana kufaraxsanaahay taraikhda ee fadlaan halaigala soo xariiro almedo@hotmail.com
Comment by ahmed — August 21, 2009 #
asc waxaa ahay gabar binti boqor ajuuran ah waxaan rabaa inaan ogaato sabaab ta loo baabshay boqortooydii ajuuran iyo kuwii ka dambeeyey atintaas adinkoo mahd san qofkii waxa i dhaama ha iiga soo jawaabo
Comment by fatima — August 24, 2009 #
teeda kale waxaan rabaa inaan ogaado meesha iy hada wadaan ku yihiin shacbiga ajuuraan
Comment by fatima — August 24, 2009 #
asc waxaan ahay gabar ajuuraan danaynaysana in aay barato dadkeeda plz qofkii doonaya in uu iishego ha igala soo xiriiro cinwankas mahadsanidiin
Comment by binti khaliifa — October 29, 2009 #
waa kan cinwanka igala soo xirir hadaad idhaanto ishwaaq10@hotmail.com
Comment by binti khaliifa — October 29, 2009 #
elmado walaal waan kugu darsan wayay bal adigu igu darso adigoo mahadsan madaama aad tahay gabar walaashey ah ama wiil walaalkay ah
Comment by binti khaliifa — October 29, 2009 #
A/aleykom ya akhis, first and foremost thanks to Almighty Allah 4giving me this golden opportunity to draft this mesej.The history of royal ajuuraan is long, memorable,unforgetable and rich in histry thats dates back many centuries ago which envied and erased by the upcoming somali leaders of the 19th century in which they neva succeeded.Infact Royal Ajurans ar not somalis but they intermarried with somalis when they arrived 4rm mesapotamia in that they trace there lineage 4rm the Arabs in particular the Quraysh,imean they ar decendants of Abdulmuttalib according to the geoclonogical order.anyway the Great Mighty Ajurans vast Empire is only comparable to the Ottoman empire.lets somalis borrow aleaf 4rm us by bringing sanity and life back to mogadishu without bringing the issue of hawiye and darod to the fold.viva AJs and very proud to be whom am i.
Comment by King Sultaan Bin Hashim ibn Quraysh — October 30, 2009 #
A/aleykom ya akhis.the histry of Royal Ajurans is long memerable and unforgetable histry that dates many centuries ago.The king of kings ar not somalis in that they trace there lineage 4rm the arabs in particular the Quraysh.
Comment by King Sultaan Bin Hashim ibn Quraysh — October 30, 2009 #
we want to you mrr bin hashim were are you we want your emeil instantaly
Comment by daadir — November 10, 2009 #
Thanks my bruu and i appreciate ur sense of humour.anyone can contanct me throu dis email – jamaa_77@hotmail.com .glad to know my histry wholly.
Comment by Imaam sultaan — November 16, 2009 #
I, shocked when i find the scholarly somali could not give more information about this unforgettable subject about Ajuurran History, that had been part and parcel of the people of pre-colonial Somali history.
Social science
Comment by Burhan,Dayib — November 26, 2009 #